SLEEP and SLEEP DISORDERS Neuromuscular Mechanisms of Upper Airway Patency
نویسنده
چکیده
The pathophysiological mechanisms involved in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are complex and not fully understood. Critical upper airway (UA) narrowing/collapse usually occurs in the oropharynx, between the nasal choanae and epiglottis, an area lacking rigid support. Patency of this vulnerable segment is dependent on the action of pharyngeal dilator and abductor muscles that are normally activated in a rhythmic fashion during each inspiration (1). Collapse of the UA occurs if the negative UA pressure generated by inspiratory pump muscles exceeds the dilating force of these UA muscles (1,2). This review will focus on various factors influencing the neuromuscular mechanisms that operate to maintain UA patency, particularly during sleep.
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